Zaragoza's origins date back to the Iberian settlement of Salduba, but it is to the Roman Caesar Augustus, and Islamic Sarakosta, that it owes both its name and the still easily recognizable rectangular perimeter of its old town, bordered by the lower and upper sections of Calle Coso , Avenida de Cesar Augusto and the River Ebro . The wealth of the city's historical legacy is a nightmare for present-day builders, since a hole can't be dug in the ground of this area or its surroundings without uncovering important archaeological remains, as happened recently with the discovery of the ancient Roman Theatre, now being restored, in Calle Verónica, behind Teatro Principal .
Zaragoza has always benefited from a strategic location, a fact as true as ever in our time, being in the middle of a crossroads which traverses Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia. The result is a dynamic and modern town that is continuously growing, yet still having mostly walkable distances, with a legacy of splendid buildings and monuments inherited from all the cultures that have contributed to its development. For convenience, Zaragoza can be divided into three areas of interest: the historic centre, the Ensanche and boulevards, and the University-Delicias area.
Historic centre This area is traditionally the one of greatest interest for visitors since most of the important ancient monuments and buildings are found here. It includes the old town proper, with its natural extensions to the East, Barrio de la Magdalena to the West, Predicadores (also known as San Pablo or barrio del Gancho), plus the area delineated by Avenida Cesar Augusto and Paseo de María Agustín (where Misericordia bullring stands) with its nearby flea market and the Pignatelli Building , an eighteenth-century hospital containing a church with gilt domes that now houses the Diputación General de Aragón (regional government).
On the western end of this area is Aljafería Palace , a castle surrounded by a moat and gardens, and the most important relic of Zaragoza's Islamic period and today the parliament of Aragón. In Predicadores we should mention San Pablo Church , while La Magdalena Church in the neighbourhood of the same name has in its tower one of the finest examples of the Aragonese variety of the mudejar style (involving brick and coloured tile decoration due to Moorish artisans who stayed long after the Christian conquest).
It is in the old town proper, however, where we find the greatest number of important monuments and buildings, beginning with the huge Plaza del Pilar , where the famous and grandiose Basilica del Pilar stands, along with the Lonja Palace , Seo Cathedral , the Roman Forum Museum and, at the opposite end of the square, San Juan de los Panetes Church with its leaning tower, the mudejar tower of La Zuda and the remains of the Roman wall . Pleasant as it may be to wander among the old town's streets, two parallel ones which cut across it truly make a useful reference point: Don Jaime I , passing near the squares of Santa Marta, Santa Cruz and San Pedro Nolasco, and leading to the Teatro Principal ; and Alfonso I , cleared for its view of the Pilar Basilica and from which one can reach San Felipe Square.
This is a very lively area, full of shops of every kind, narrow streets, squares and pleasant corners, with many tapas bars with tables outside and a busy nightlife.
Ensanche and boulevards This is a large area characterized by the main avenues and boulevards opened in the nineteenth century, with their modern extensions and surroundings. It includes Zona Centro, surrounding the twin squares of Aragón and Paraíso , where the beautiful neo-mudejar building of the old School of Medicine and Science stands. Here is where Gran Vía starts, an important market and leisure avenue which continues in Fernando el Católico, which leads to Plaza de San Francisco and its surroundings, through outdoor cafes, bingo halls and bars all the way to Primo de Rivera Park (known as "parque grande"), the old Feria de Muestras and Romareda Stadium, close to the flea market and Zaragoza Auditorium .
Paseo de la Independencia , starting from Plaza de España and flanked by large arches, is the town's main promenade, with its cinemas and shops. The nearby Plaza de Salamero is interesting and enjoying renewed popularity, and not too far away, Plaza de los Sitios has a monument commemorating Napoleon's two sieges on Zaragoza and the Archaeological Museum.
Another important boulevard also stems from Plaza Paraíso , Paseo de Sagasta , which is the axis of a busy commercial area with many shops, bars cafes and restaurants. Calle Moncasi and its surroundings amass huge numbers of the very young on weekends. More sparsely populated and with a rather more adult appeal, there are also many bars and restaurants on and around Bolonia, Camino de las Torres, Avenida Tenor Fleta and Jose Pellicer. On reaching Pignatelli Park, Sagasta becomes Paseo de Cuellar, which leads to the Venecia pine groves, the amusement park and the neighbourhoods of Torrero and La Paz.
In the area between the start of Sagasta and Paseo de la Constitución is the traditionally more expensive, 'posh' part of town, León XIII, also abundant in pubs, restaurants and shops.
University-Delicias Leaving Plaza de San Francisco with its arcades, distinguished shops, outdoor cafes, pubs and restaurants, one reaches the University campus and an area next to it around Calle Corona de Aragón and Calle Tomás Bretón, also with many bars, bookshops and other shops. Crossing Ciudad Jardín, a residential area with low houses, is the popular neighbourhood of Delicias, with the park and the interesting pedestrian street of the same name, an area perhaps without obvious or spectacular attractions but with quite a personality if one has the time to get to know it.
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Consuming Passions
What makes us choose one restaurant rather than another? Nowadays there's so much choice that we have to make difficult decisions every time we go out. For example, should we play it safe and head for our traditional old favourite or be more adventurous and try the new Japanese place that's just opened up? In fact, come to think of it, why do we go out to eat in the first place? The answer is easy. The sensual experience of eating good food and drinking fine wine in convivial company is so relaxing and refreshing that it enables us to forget our worries and escape from the daily grind for a few hours. It's a liberating therapy that helps us keep sane in an increasingly stressful world. And it's for that very reason that one of Zaragoza's traditional old favorites, Mesón del Coso is usually full of the political elite, their counterparts in the media and performers from the Teatro Principal across the road, all indulging in the comfort food that they do best here: high-quality cured ham with fried eggs, washed down with an oak-flavored red wine like Enate.
Simply by choosing a particular restaurant we can embark on a voyage of cultural discovery. So, if you're feeling adventurous then a visit to the Sakura , close to Ciudad Universitaria , will open your eyes to the complexities and subtleties of the Japanese way of life. However, if you prefer to stay closer to home then you'll be better served at El Cachirulo, an Aragonese stately home on the road to Logroño that houses a restaurant where they prepare the best in traditional regional cuisine and organize entertainment in the form of the Jota (traditional singing and dancing that has the power to make elderly people weep and younger people scream and shout with joy).
If you're looking for a prestigious venue in which to luxuriate, a place where King Juan Carlos likes to come when he's here to partake of his favourite pastel de puerros y gambas (prawn and leek pie), then make your way to Los Borrachos in the middle of the Paseo de Sagasta. If you carry on down to the bottom you'll come to Plaza de Aragón and the typically plateresque Ibercaja building which houses the Patio de la Infanta . However, if you decide to head in the opposite direction up the Paseo de Sagasta, you'll eventually cross Parque Pignatelli and arrive at Iglesia de San Antonio, one of the most impressive and historically significant churches in the city.
The famous master chef and culinary commentator Arzak used to say that cooking ought to be a compulsory subject at schools, and he's right. But not only should children be taught how to cook, they should also be educated in how to eat out properly. So, if you're taking your children out for the first time, you'd be well advised to drop in at Pizza Nostra . They have a variety of pizza or pasta for every palate and the portions are so generous that a main course and a dessert are normally sufficient. Not far from here you'll find the Puerta del Carmen , which still bears the scars inflicted by French artillery during the siege of Zaragoza.
Some of the most imaginative and innovative dishes available in modern restaurants are vegetarian, so if you are a vegetarian or if you just fancy a break from meat, it's worth trying La Retama . Remember to ask for a table on the balcony, from where you'll get a view of the Iglesia de San Miguel whose history dates back to the reconquest of the city from the Moors in 1260. You might on the other hand be a fan of Spanish cooking and just want to have a little of what you like best, in which case you should choose Pantxika Orio , a Basque restaurant through and through that prides itself on providing fresh ingredients and friendly service. If you have a sweet tooth and can't resist homemade cakes and tarts then it's worth driving a few miles out to La Puebla de Alfiden and the Galatea . After sampling the sweet things you could visit the interesting Mudejar church.
Some of Spain's oldest eating-places with true historical character can be found in Zaragoza. Head for the Posada de las Almas which was founded in 1705. And for a really historic occasion you can't do better than the Montal, with its 16th century cloisters, centuries-old works of art and excellent cooking.
For an atmosphere that's much more up-to-date, step through the door of the ultramodern hotel Boston and you'll be transported to an approximation of a trendy, modern American city. The food they serve in the various restaurants here is fit for the new century. The menu on offer in the top floor restaurant is as modern and exciting as the interior decor and on the floor below there's another restaurant that offers imaginative international fare that's sure to please its well-heeled clientele. So, after travelling up the gilded glass cages that they call elevators, you can choose from exquisitely dressed salads, a thousand and one varieties of risotto and a bewildering array of pastas. Zaragoza deserves to be visited just for a gastronomic tour alone, never mind the history and culture.
It is also one of the liveliest cities in the country for nightlife, with a youthful population who like to go out and have some fun. This means that there is no shortage of bars and clubs with music and dancing that are open until the early hours of the morning. So, once you have visited all the historical sites and sampled a delicious meal in one of the recommended restaurants, you might want to make for one of the numerous areas where people congregate. The young, student crowd get together in the centrally located Moncasi district, the more individualistic and alternative crowd head for the cheap and cheerful Magdalena district and the more sophisticated folk gather in the up-market surroundings of Francisco Vitoria. The old town and the area around the university campus are also full of bars and clubs. It is customary to start somewhere like Vinilo , The Old Number One or El Sol (on Calle Blancas) just to get “revved up” a little for the night ahead. And, as the night develops, the scene moves on to other places, such as El Fantasma de los Ojos Azules . When it gets really late, the hedonists head for , La Casa del Loco the Aphoteke or Fangory to dance until dawn.
If you're looking for somewhere that's got lots of atmosphere but is quieter than the sort of music bars and clubs above, then you'll be happier in La Republicana , the Bodeguilla de Santa Cruz . Somewhere like Bodegas Almau is an ideal spot to meet with friends in the early evening, and at Whisky Viejo you can sit and chat comfortably until the early hours with good music as a background. For an intimate evening out as a couple, try Cafe Voltaire or the Praga .
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